Muna 1960, firimu rekutanga rekutakura rakagadzirirwa nechikamu chekuchinja chikamu, nekudaro vachimisa chiitiko chakakosha mumunda weMembrane Kupatsanurwa Kwematongi eMembrane. Mushure meiyi chigadzirwa chikuru, kupatsanurwa kwegasi, micro Parizvino, kushandisirwa kwe tekinoroji yekuparadzanisa kwemashandiro inokonzeresa minda yese yeindasitiri, senge munda we biotechnology, simba, simba, zvemagetsi, zvekushandisa zvemamiriro ekunze. Kubva ma1980s, nhamba yezvidzidzo zvakati zvataurwa maitiro ekuita ePVDF membranes. Kuenzaniswa nezvimwe zvekutengesa zvinhu zvekutengesa, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) seyakagadzirwa sembrane yakakwezva kutarisisa kwakawanda. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti Polyvinylidene Fluoride Chinyorwa chine simba rakanakisa, rakadai rekudzora kwemakemikari, rinogona kufungisisa nezvekuita kwePolyvinylidene zvinhu, zvakanyanya mu - kudzika kwekunzwisisa kwehunhu hwePVDF.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane

Mumakore achangopfuura, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane yave imwe yeiyo yakakurumbira membrane zvinhu. Kunyangwe PVDF membranes isiri sahydrophobic sePolytetraFluorohone (PTFE) uye polypropyl (pp), polyther sulfaone (PE) uye pos) Nekuda kwekunetseka uye kunyanya kweiyo solvent sarudzo, iyo kugadzirira kwePolypropylene firimu uye ptfe film netema shanduko yekutendeuka. Naizvozvo, PVDF ichiri sarudzo yakanakisa yeMembrane zvinyorwa mumunda wekushandisa, senge membrane distillation uye membrane contactor application. Chikonzero cheiyi mhedziso ndechekuti PVDF inogona kunyungudika nyore nyore mune zvakajairika organic sol. Nhevedzano yekuferefetwa yakaratidza kuti nzira yekuchinja chikamu inoshandisa nzira iri nyore kunyorovesa kugadzirira porous phdf membranes. Zvakare, kudzikisira kwakatemwa kwePVDF membrane kunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira uye yakakurumbira firimu zvinyorwa zvehuwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa maindasitiri. Nekuda kwesimba rayo rakakwira simba uye rakanakisa repical kuramba, PVDF membrane sarudzo iri nani kupfuura mimwe membrane zvinhu. Zvivakwa zvaro zvine musoro zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune marara ekurapa ekurapa. Uyezve, iyo PVDF membrane inogona kunatswa neyakaderera - level they yekubvisa maitiro ekugadzira polymer yakachena yeavo. Izvi zvinoita kuti iite kuti iwaniswe zvakanyanya muminda yebha bidicine uye bioseparates. Yakasiyana nedzimwe crystalline polymers, Pvdf pachayo ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuenderana nevamwe polymers, dzakadai sedzinoita Iyi pfuma inogona kubatsira membrane yekukwana kuita kwayo uye kugadzirisa, kusimudzira kuita kuri nani mune maitiro ekugadzirira kwemwedzi. Uye zvakare, mamwe mabasa chaiwo anogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera kwemakemikari kugadziridzwa, uye kuyambuka - Kubatanidza kunogona kuitwa kana kuiswa pachena kana kufumurwa kune emagetsi emagetsi radiation kana gamma radiation.

Pamusoro pePVDF Metrane Zvigadzirwa, kune mamwe mimwe Fluoropolymy memrane zvinhu, akadai sePoly (vinylideye fluoride PVDF membrane zvinyorwa. Naizvozvo, p. P

Kugadzikana kwePVDF

Sezvo isu tese tinoziva, PVDF akakwezva kutariswa zvakanyanya mumunda wekushandisa nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo kwakanaka kwazvo. Muzhinji, Fluoropopolymers akanyanya kugadzikana pane hydrocarbons. Magetsi akakwirira e-fluorine maatomu pane cheni uye iyo yakakwira dissocation performance yeC - Kunyangwe kazhinji akagadzikana kana inert, kusvibiswa kwePVDF kwakaonekwa panguva yakakwirira - tembiricha mashandiro. Iyo yekunyoresa yekupisa yePVDF yakadzidzwa mune yepakati, nyoro uye yakakwira tembiricha vacuum. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti kusvibiswa kwePVDF kuPVDF pakushisa kwepamusoro kwekushisa kwakakonzerwa nekushomeka kweiyo dehydrofluorg Kuswedererwa kunogona kutungamira kune inoverengeka yemakemikari maitiro, kusanganisira kuumbwa kweCarbon - Carbon kaviri zvisungo (c = C) kana polymer crosslinking. Fig. 1 inoratidza diagram yechiSchematic yeiyo inokwanisika michina yekushora dehydrofluation muPVDF. Akakurudzira mamwe mhinduro dzinogona kuitika, dzakadai sekuumbwa kweradilal radicals

Iyo isiri - yunifomu yekunyora yePVDF ndiyo mhedzisiro yeCrystallization pa 160 ℃. Izvo zvakaonekwa kuti PVDF membrane samples yakaratidza kusaenzana matsvina pane dzakasiyana siyana dzinosvibiswa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemapepa. Maitiro ekusvibisa anonyanya kuitika mudunhu rekristaro pane muAmorphous Region, nepo izvi zvisingaiti mune imwe polymer degradation maitiro. Kugumburwa kwe hydrogen fluorde kunodzora maitiro ekushatirisa umo iketani diki rakatyoka kana kuyambuka - Mhedzisiro yekurapa kwekushambadzira inoratidza kuti shanduko uye kuunganidzwa mumaketani emanyorero anoonekwa mune infrared specttrum yakakonzerwa neyakaenzana mapoka ekuwedzera mune yekuwedzera mari, uye yakareba

Kumakemikari kuramba PVDF

PVDF yakasiyana nemakemikari mazhinji mukuti yakanyungudika mune chikamu chesolial soles ine yakanaka makemikari kugadzikana. Mamwe emifananidzo aya anosanganisira akawanda emakemikari ane hutsinye, akadai sehufuro uye oxidnts, isorganic acids, pamwe ne lpid, anonhuwirira uye choromike uye mongororo. Maererano neruzivo rwunopihwa nemumwe wevakuru vevatengesi vePVDF, vanoti Akama Corporation, makemikari kugadzikana kwePVDF kunoonekwa sekuratidzwa kwemakemikari ambotaurwa. Nekudaro, iyo yakanaka makemikari kugadzikana kwePVDF yakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya kune esters, Kotoni uye Simba rakasimba reAlkali. Naizvozvo, kugadzikana kwemakemikari kwePVDF membrane chiitiko chekushandiswa kwekurapwa kwemarara kana membrane contactor yea acid gasi. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti PVDF Metrane inoiswa mune yakasimba alkaline solution uye yakaiswa pasi peAlkaline kumakemikari yekugeza, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya kugadzikana.

Parizvino, chete vashoma zvidzidzo pazvikamu zvemakemikari kugadzikana kwePVDF membranes yakawanikwa yakakodzera kune iyi application. Mushure mekupiswa kweAlkali inopisa, ruvara rwevhuvhu wePvdf rwakava rima, zvichiratidza kuti dehydrofluorination mune yePolymer keteni yakatungamira kuC = C Bonds. Kuongorora kwakaratidza kuti kurwiswa kwemakemikari kwesodium hydroxide pane pvdf membranes inogona kukurudzirwa nekushandisa kumanikidza. Uye kana dzvinyiriro yakakwana ikashandiswa, marara anoonekwa mumamreme. Ivo vakaratidza kuti Sodium Hydroxide Solution inogona kurwisa nemakemikari kuunganidzwa nePVDF uye inogona kuona iyo fadf sampuli yakanyudzwa muSodium Hydroxide Solution. Panguva imwecheteyo, maitiro ePVDF uye Sodium Hydroxide Soluce Solution yakadzidzwa muHupoumari Apmonium munyu kana phosphorous lardes sehare kuendesa catalyst. Iko kushandurwa kwemavara kwakaonekwa mushure mekunge mrrane yakanyorwa mumvura yeSodium Hydroxide sour Hodom yeTetrabutylammonium Bromide (TBB), yeiyo Tabb) Fourer Shanduko (FTR) Mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuumbwa kweCarbon - Kabhoni kaviri uye katatu zvisungo, izvo zvaizivikanwa nekubviswa kwehydrogen fluoride mamalecules. Zvichienderana neruzivo rwakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, mhedziso dzinoverengeka dzinogona kukweverwa: muAlpha defformation, iyo Sodium Hydroxide Solution Chemicals PVDF uye

Kuti udzore ruvara rwayo; Iko kurwiswa kwemakemikari / kuita kwesodium hydroxide pane pvdf inogona kuve yakawedzera kukurumidza nekuwedzera kupisa uye kuvapo kwekutengesa. Zvinhu zviri pamusoro, zvakadai sekushisa, kumanikidzwa, kufumurwa nguva, kuwanda kwekutora kwekutenderera, kurwisa kwemakemikari uye rudzi rwekushushikana kwemuchina. Kutsvaga kwakakodzera kuchave kwakanyanya kukosha, asi zvichiri kuoma kwazvo.

Chikonzero nei Polyvinylidene Fluoride firimu zvine chekuita nekuenzaniswa nemamwe mafirimu ekunyora, zvakaringana gadziriso Iye zvino mumusika weMummbrane Export, PVDF Membrane yakatora chinzvimbo chakakura chinzvimbo, kuratidza kusimudzira kwakanyanya kurapwa. Pasinei neizvi, kuita kweiyo membrane kuchiri kukanganiswa uye zvimwe zvikanganiso zvichasiyiwa mukushandisa maitiro ekushandisa.

1. Maitiro ePVDF Metrane kurapwa kunogona kutungamira mukuchinja kwekwenya kana morphology ye membrane, uye shanduko yemuchina simba kana kukanganisa kuramba kweiyo membrane yakakonzerwa nekupindirana.

2) PVDF Metrane inobatwa pakudziya kwakanyanya, ichaunza kune yakasvibirira yekuita basa, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya kugadzikana kweiyo membrane. Naizvozvo, isu tinofanira kuteerera kune pesvedzero yekushisa kana tichibata nePVDF membrane.

3) Pamusoro pezvikonzero zviri pamusoro, kupokana kwemakemikari ePVDF membrane kuchakanganiswa nemamwe mashiromita, akadai seyakagadziriswa alkali solutions, esters uye ketonesi